Immigrant Invest expert Elena Ruda outlines the differences between European and Caribbean citizenship to help you make an informed choice.


What are the best countries for obtaining citizenship?


Caribbean countries are among the best countries for obtaining citizenship, especially for wealthy people. They allow foreigners to obtain their passports in several months if they participate in the citizenship by investment programs.

The top Caribbean countries for citizenship by investment are Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, and St Kitts and Nevis.

Dominica offers the most cost-effective program, starting at $200,000. Investment options include:

  • a contribution to the Economic Diversification Fund;

  • a real estate purchase.

Antigua and Barbuda. Applicants must invest a minimum of $230,000. Investment options include:

  • state fund contribution — starting at $230,000;

  • real estate purchase — from $300,000;

  • business investment — $400,000;

  • higher education contribution — at least $260,000+.

The higher education option is designed for families of six or more, offering the most economical path for larger households.

Grenada citizenship requires a minimum investment of $235,000 in a state fund or a real estate purchase starting at $270,000.

St Lucia offers five investment options:

  • state fund contribution — $240,000+;

  • infrastructure investment — $250,000+;

  • government bond purchase — $300,000+;

  • real estate acquisition — $300,000+;

  • business investment — $1,000,000.

St Kitts and Nevis. To obtain citizenship in St Kitts and Nevis, applicants must invest at least $250,000, with three available options:

  • state fund contribution — at least $250,000;

  • real estate purchase — at least $400,000;

  • Public Benefit project investment — at least $250,000.

Caribbean islands are home to vibrant coral reefs that are perfect for diving and snorkelling. These reefs are vital to the marine ecosystem and add to the natural beauty of the region


Do European countries offer citizenship by investment?


European countries generally do not offer citizenship by investment. Türkiye is an exception, although it is not fully considered a European country.

Türkiye citizenship can be obtained in at least 8 months if contributing a minimum of $400,000 to real estate or a minimum of $500,000 to business, bank deposit, government bonds, or units of an investment fund.

Malta does not grant citizenship by investment but offers a shortened naturalisation process. This process allows citizenship in 1 or 3 years, instead of the usual 5 years, for those meeting the following conditions:

  • contribute €600,000+ to the National Development Fund;

  • rent a residential property for €16,000+ annually or purchase one for €700,000+;

  • make a charitable donation of €10,000.

Applicants must first obtain a residence permit, reside legally in Malta, undergo an Eligibility Assessment, and then apply for citizenship after 1 or 3 years, depending on the contribution amount.

Golden Visas in Europe. Golden Visa programs simplify the path to citizenship in several European countries. For example, Portugal allows investors to obtain citizenship in 5 years without continuous residency or language requirements.

Golden Visa holders can obtain citizenship in the following timeframes:

  • 1.5 years in Bulgaria;

  • 3 years in Croatia;

  • 5 years in Cyprus;

  • 5 to 7 years in Estonia;

  • 7 years in Greece.

Some countries also require passing language and citizenship tests.


What are the differences in terms of processing?


Processing time. Caribbean citizenship is typically processed within 6—8 months, making it one of the fastest paths to citizenship globally.

Obtaining European citizenship usually takes several years. Malta offers the fastest path of 1 year through citizenship by naturalisation for exceptional services by direct investment, but other countries demand longer periods.

Residency requirements. Caribbean citizens do not need to reside in or visit the country before or after obtaining citizenship, except for Antigua and Barbuda. Antigua and Barbuda passport holders must come to the country for five days within the first five years.

For a European passport residency requirements vary and are often mandatory for several years before applying for citizenship.


I want to travel more. What country should I choose?


Caribbean citizenship programs generally provide visa-free access to 140+ countries, including the UK, the Schengen Area, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Grenada offers a unique advantage: visa-free access to China.

European citizenship in the EU country provides full EU rights, allowing individuals to live, work, and study in any EU member state. It grants visa-free access to 160—180 countries, including the US and Canada, which are not accessible to Caribbean citizens. European passports are among the most powerful in the world.


Are there differences in taxation?


The Caribbean offers a tax-friendly environment with no personal income, capital gains, wealth, or inheritance taxes in many countries. Corporate taxes are low, VAT rates range from 10% to 15%, and global taxation is avoided unless residency is formally established, making it ideal for high-net-worth individuals and retirees.

In Europe, taxes are higher, with income tax rates from 20% to 50% and global taxation applied to residents. Corporate and capital gains taxes are significant, VAT ranges from 20% to 25%, and many countries impose wealth or inheritance taxes, though Malta and Portugal offer some exceptions.


What about healthcare and education?


In the Caribbean, healthcare varies across islands. Basic services are available, but specialised care is often limited, requiring medical evacuation to the US or Europe for complex treatments.

Europe is renowned for world-class healthcare systems, many countries offer universal healthcare with free or minimal-cost services for residents and citizens. Nations like Portugal, Spain, and France are notable examples.

Education in the Caribbean is basic, with international schools available on select islands such as Antigua, Barbados, and St Kitts. For higher education, students often study abroad.

Europe offers access to free or low-cost, world-class education systems. Prestigious universities like Oxford, the Sorbonne, and the University of Vienna attract global students. Multilingual environments and a growing number of English-taught programs add to its appeal.


What should you consider if I want to move to the country?


Cost of living in the Caribbean is generally lower for housing and utilities but higher for food and imported goods due to limited local production. Monthly expenses for a couple range from $2,000 to $3,500, depending on the island and lifestyle.

In Europe, the cost of living is higher overall, especially in Western and Northern regions, though Southern and Eastern countries like Portugal or Bulgaria are more affordable. Monthly expenses for a couple range from €2,500 to 5,000, depending on the country and city.

Quality of life. The Caribbean offers a laid-back lifestyle with outdoor activities, pristine beaches, and small, close-knit communities. Ideal for retirees, remote workers, and relaxation seekers, though infrastructure in rural areas can be underdeveloped.

In contrast, Europe provides a diverse lifestyle range from bustling cities like Paris and Berlin to serene countryside settings. Advanced infrastructure, public transport, and cultural heritage enhance convenience and access to world-class experiences.

Climate. The Caribbean features a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round, ideal for beach lovers and sunseekers. However, the region is prone to hurricanes and tropical storms during the hurricane season from June to November.

In Europe, the climate is diverse:

  • Southern Europe offers a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and hot summers;

  • Western Europe experiences temperate weather with distinct seasons;

  • Northern and Eastern Europe have colder climates, with snowy winters;

This variety allows for a wide range of seasonal experiences compared to the Caribbean's consistent warmth.


How to contact Immigrant Invest


Immigrant Invest has specialised in investment immigration since 2006, helping investors obtain citizenship and residency in Europe, the Caribbean, and beyond.

Contact Immigrant Invest to book a consultation and take the first step towards your second citizenship.