People with type 2 diabetes are twice as likely to
die from certain cancers, a new study has found.
Overall, the risk of dying from cancer is 18%
higher in those with type 2 compared with the general population, according to
researchers at the University of Leicester. There was found to be a higher risk of
dying from pancreatic, bowel, and liver cancers, while women with type 2 also
had an increased risk of not surviving endometrial and breast cancer.
It’s already known that type 2 diabetes is
associated with a range of serious complications – including heart disease,
nerve damage, and kidney disease. Now, researchers are calling for cancer death
risk to be given “a similar level of attention”.
Further research is needed to shed more light on
why this increased risk occurs and how to manage it. But what we do already
know is that type 2 diabetes itself is often preventable.
What is type 2 diabetes?
The condition means blood glucose levels become too
high, as a result of somebody’s insulin not working properly or their body not
being able to produce enough.
Type 2 develops over time and is influenced by
lifestyle factors (unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disease that
attacks the pancreas, leaving it unable to produce insulin).
Type 2 diabetes is predicted to affect five-and-a-half
million people in the UK by 2030, according to charity Diabetes UK – but there
are ways people can reduce their risk of developing the condition.
1. Make movement part of your life
Having an active lifestyle is a key way to lower
your risk of type 2 diabetes, alongside all the other health boosts exercise
brings.
Dietician Dr. Carrie Ruxton, who works with the Tea Advisory Panel (TAP), says: “A report in the World Journal of Diabetes found while
vigorous exercise was best for cutting risk, even walking for at least 30
minutes per day lowered the risk by around half.”
2. Maintain a healthy weight for you
Weight is just part of the picture when it comes to
our health – and some people have naturally larger frames or more muscle mass –
but generally speaking, being overweight is linked with higher rates of type 2.
Ruxton notes people with obesity are “up to 80
times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, compared with having a body mass
index under 22”.
3. Eat more plants and wholefoods
You don’t have to go fully veggie or vegan to
embrace the vast health benefits of consuming more wholegrains, veg, beans, and
legumes.
A diet rich in fibre has been found to reduce type
2 diabetes risk by around a fifth, according to a study published in
Diabetologia, while people whose diets contain a wide variety of veg, beans,
wholegrains, and pulses generally have lower risks of numerous long-term
diseases, including type 2.
“Fibre is found in wholegrain bread, pasta, and rice
as well as oats, beans, vegetables, and fruit,” says GP Dr. Gill Jenkins.
“Scientists believe wholegrain cereal types are better for blood sugar control
and reducing the risk of diabetes.”
4. Drink more tea
Key to preventing type 2 diabetes is maintaining
healthy blood sugar levels – and according to Ruxton, a recent TAP report found
your daily cuppa can help.
The findings related to a regular intake of black
and green tea, while a study in British Medical Journal found having more than
three cups of tea daily is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
5. Get plenty of sleep
Sleep is vital for keeping well generally – and
research has also found it could have a role in type 2 diabetes.
A study led by the University of Bristol, published in Diabetes Care last year, suggested people who often have difficulty getting to sleep or
staying asleep had higher blood sugar levels than people who usually sleep well
– potentially resulting in a higher risk of type 2.